Mullova was born on November 27, 1959, in Zhukovskiy, in the Moscow Oblast, then part of the Soviet Republic. She studied music at the Central Music School of Moscow, where her most important teacher was Volodar Bronin. She later studied with violin virtuoso Leonid Kogan at the Moscow Conservatory. Mullova had a meteoric rise owing to spectacular wins at two major competitions: in 1980, she took first prize at the Jean Sibelius International Violin Competition, and two years later won the gold medal at the International Tchaikovsky Competition. The following year, she defected to the U.S. but eventually settled in England, where she lives with her husband, cellist Matthew Barley.
In the 1980s, Mullova made a number of highly successful recordings for Philips, including her first in 1985, with Seiji Ozawa and the Boston Symphony Orchestra, which paired the Tchaikovsky and Sibelius concertos. She followed that success in 1988 with another containing the Prokofiev Second and Shostakovich First, with André Previn and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. By the end of that decade, she had appeared to great acclaim with many of the most important orchestras and conductors in the U.S., Europe, and East Asia.
In 1994, she founded the Mullova Chamber Ensemble, a group that quickly achieved international renown. After her marriage to Barley, Mullova developed an interest, through him, in jazz and other popular styles of music. In 2000, taking inspiration from a series of popular music concerts she gave on tour, Mullova made a recording for Philips entitled Through the Looking Glass, on which she performed music by Davis, Ellington, George Harrison, and other non-classical figures. Moving to the Onyx label in 2005, Mullova has steadily continued to issue recordings; among these are Bach: Sonatas (2007) with Ottavio Dantone, Peasant Girl (2011), and Music We Love (2020) with her son, bassist Misha Mullov-Abbado. In 2022, Mullova moved to the Signum Classics label for a historical-instrument reading of music by Schubert, with Alasdair Beatson, who has become a regular collaborator, on fortepiano. Mullova performs on the "Jules Falk" Stradivarius from 1723 and a 1750 Guadagnini violin. ~ Robert Cummings & Keith Finke, Rovi