Japanese experimental rock group Mono came together in 2000, choosing to forgo vocals and concentrate instead on atmospheric, classical-inspired rock music. Since then, they've crafted a dynamic, shapeshifting sound that lends itself to long compositions, delivered in varying ranges of drama, dynamic, and texture replete with improvisation, restraint, and a tension that bridges post-rock and heavy metal. Their recordings, including 2004's Walking Cloud and Deep Red Sky, Flag Fluttered and the Sun Shined walk the line between spacious atmospherics, a lush yet delicate beauty, and overdriven, de-tuned raw power that relies on the contrast of various tensions in soaring rock that explores the margins. 2006's Palmless Prayer/Mass Murder Refrain was a collaboration with producer World's End Girlfriend employing strings, a chorus, a pianist, and a saxophonist. Their collaborations with WEG culminated in 2012's acclaimed For My Parents. In 2014 they simultaneously issued Rays of Darkness and Last Dawn. Following 2016's Requiem for Hell, drummer Yasunori Takada left the group and was replaced by American Dahm Majuri Cipolla for 2019's Nowhere Now Here. In 2021, Mono released Pilgrimage of the Soul and followed a year later with their first soundtrack and score for the documentary My Story, The Buraku Story, by director Yusaku Mitsuwaka.

The foursome, bassist Tamaki (the lone female in the group), drummer Yasunori Takada, and guitarists Takaakira Taka Goto and Yoda, released their first full-length record, Under the Pipal Tree, in 2001 on John Zorn's Tzadik label. After switching to Arena Rock Recording Company in 2003, Mono issued One Step More and You Die; a remix version came out the following year as New York Soundtracks. That same year, their fourth album, Walking Cloud and Deep Red Sky, Flag Fluttered and the Sun Shined, recorded in Chicago with producer Steve Albini, was released on Temporary Residence. Albini also performed the same duties on their April 2006 record You Are There, and in September the band issued Palmless Prayer/Mass Murder Refrain, a mix of classical and rock that also featured a collaboration with World's End Girlfriend, among others. Their fascination with classical arrangements, strings, and atmospheres became an integral part of their sound. In 2006 they recorded You Are There, which included cellos on one part of the album and a string section on another while retaining the dynamic and tension-building sound that had become the band's trademark, weaving beauty and chaos together to form an inseparable whole. On 2009's Hymn to the Immortal Wind, the band played live with a 25-piece chamber orchestra that featured woodwinds, reeds, and strings -- and added a Hammond B-3 in spots to extend the orchestral dynamic. This culminated in 2010's Holy Ground: NYC Live, with Mono accompanied by the Wordless Music Orchestra, another large chamber ensemble featuring everything from harp and strings to winds and piano. For 2012's For My Parents, they employed a smaller chamber group conducted by Jeff Milarsky and dubbed the Holy Ground Orchestra, comprising two violins, two cellos, viola, upright bass, timpani, and cymbals.

After a global tour and a break, Mono returned to the studio in 2013 and recorded two albums simultaneously as parts of a whole. The Last Dawn was lighter, briefer, and more melodic; once again, it placed the band in sonic juxtaposition with strings. The second part, Rays of Darkness, didn't include strings for the first time since 2003. It was far blacker and heavier, and featured a guest vocal appearance by Tetsuya Fukagawa of Envy. Both albums were released by Temporary Residence in October of 2014. The following year, Mono signed with the Pelagic label of German metal act the Ocean. Both bands collaborated on a split album called Transcendental. The recording prefaced a joint European tour. Each band contributed a single extended track. Mono's "Death in Reverse" served to complement the Ocean's "The Quiet Observer" in that both cuts explored themes of life, death, and rebirth/regeneration, as well as the in-between "bardo" states. The album was released at the end of October by Pelagic. In July 2016, Mono released the 18-minute "Ely's Heartbeat" on the Internet as the pre-release single from the full-length Requiem for Hell, issued by Temporary Residence that October.

In December of 2017, after the completion of an extensive world tour with the Ocean, Mono announced via social media that founding member Takada was leaving the group for personal reasons. He was replaced by Dahm Majuri Cipolla just in time for the live performances that began in August of the following year. Mono had entered Electrical Audio, again with Albini, earlier that year, and in September announced the full-length Nowhere Now Here, which was issued in January of 2019. To ice the cake on their 20-year anniversary celebration, Mono returned to Albini's Chicago studio while on a tour break. They recut three of their earliest songs -- "Com(?)," "L'America," and "Halo" -- live from the studio floor. They issued them without overdubs or post-production as Before the Past: Live from Electrical Audio. In March 2021, Mono released a document of its remarkable 2019 British concert as Beyond the Past: Live in London with the Platinum Anniversary Orchestra.

After the global COVID-19 pandemic ended the rest of their world tour, Mono spent the summer of 2020 writing, recording, and mixing. The end result, Pilgrimage of the Soul, was issued in October of 2021. It showcased an evolved sound offering faster tempos, electronics, and rhythms influenced by disco, techno, and other dance music. 2022 saw the release of their first score and soundtrack for the feature-length documentary My Story, The Buraku Story, by director Yusaku Mitsuwaka. The songs were largely built around piano, strings, synths, and choral vocal loops offering a sharp contrast in musical direction and production methods, but continued to offer understated execution and oversized emotional resonance. ~ Marisa Brown & Thom Jurek, Rovi