A Certain Ratio were key to their native Manchester, England scene and consequently post-punk. The band debuted in 1979 with "All Night Party," a single as astringent as anything else out at the time. They further separated themselves by incorporating aspects of other forms, most prominently brass-spiked funk and Brazilian jazz. During ACR's early years with Factory Records, the Top Ten of the U.K. independent singles chart included seven of their titles, highlighted by "Flight" and "Waterline," and the band issued five albums including The Graveyard and the Ballroom (1980) and Sextet (1982). Following late-'80s and early-'90s phases with major-label AM and Rob Gretton's independent Robs Records, ACR were intermittently active. They returned to the studio for Mind Made Up (2008) and since then have continued to record and perform. Their first new music in a decade appeared on the anthology ACR:Set (2018), followed by ACR:Box (2019), which featured rare and previously unreleased material. These releases have been followed by the studio album ACR Loco (2020) and a handful of EPs.

Named after part of a line from Brian Eno's "The True Wheel," A Certain Ratio were formed in 1977 by bassist Jeremy Kerr, guitarist/trumpeter Martin Moscrop, guitarist Peter Terrell, and vocalist/trumpeter Simon Topping. Joy Division manager Rob Gretton caught the fledgling quartet live and spread the word to Tony Wilson, who signed them to his Factory label and became their manager. The Martin Hannett-produced "All Night Party"/"The Thin Boys" introduced ACR on 7" in 1979, after which drummer Donald Johnson was added to the lineup. Subsequent studio and live sides were released early the following year on cassette as The Graveyard and the Ballroom.

Though still stern in disposition, ACR's material had rapidly become suffused with funk. The notion was affirmed later in 1980 with a straightforward cover of Banbarra's deep classic "Shack Up," released on Factory Benelux. Work for the parent label resumed with the heady "Flight," a career highlight and the band's first of seven Top Ten U.K. independent chart hits. Additional vocalist Martha Tilson joined in time for the 1981 release of To Each..., a grim and sometimes droning full-length, and ACR's last Hannett session; the self-produced 12" single "Waterline" epitomized post-punk funk with electronic enhancements. Between those two releases, "Shack Up," which appeared in the U.S. on the B-side of a 12" from Factory's stateside division, spent ten weeks on Billboard's Top Disco 100 chart, where it peaked at number 46. In 1982, ACR released Sextet and I'd Like to See You Again, albums that diversified the band's sound with post-disco R&B, Latin, Brazilian, and jazz elements and, as Sir Horatio, produced a dubwise single. Tilson departed prior to the recording of the latter album. Terrell was gone by year's end. Topping split to join Quando Quango prior to ACR's lone 1983 release, "I Need Someone Tonite," which signaled the full membership of keyboardist Andy Connell.

Supplemental singles "Life's a Scream," "Brazilia," and "Wild Party," the last of which featured new member Tony Quigley on saxophone, were dispersed across 1984 and 1985. After Connell, Kerr, and Moscrop ended their association with Kalima (previously known as Swamp Children), ACR recorded just one more album for Factory, 1986's vibrant Force. Connell then devoted his energy to the emergent Swing Out Sister, whose Corinne Drewery was featured on the album's "Bootsy." The remaining members signed to major-label AM, a short-lived arrangement that resulted in 1989's Good Together and 1990's ACR:MCR. They added Liam Mullan and moved to Robs, an independent operated by Rob Gretton, where they released Up in Downsville in 1992. Creation subsidiary Rev-Ola acquired the rights to most of ACR's back catalog and also released 1994's Looking for a Certain Ratio, a set of remixes from Electronic, the Other Two, Graham Massey, and Sub Sub, among other fellow Mancunians. A second album for Robs, Change the Station, followed in 1997.

Although ACR did not release another studio album for over a decade, much of their discography was recirculated in waves throughout the early 2000s on the Soul Jazz and LTM labels. At the same time, their early recordings became touchstones for a new generation of bands that included the Rapture and Franz Ferdinand. Mind Made Up, technically the band's ninth studio release (counting The Graveyard and the Ballroom), was released in 2008 on the French label Le Maquis. An update of their '80s funk-rooted approach, it featured vocals from longtime collaborator Denise Johnson on three songs. LTM reissued the album two years later. ACR continued to perform into the late 2010s, and between 2017 and 2019 expanded, reissued, and anthologized their catalog once more, this time through Mute Records. The career overview ACR:Set featured new recordings, including a collaboration with fellow Manchester post-punk veteran Barry Adamson. ACR:Box celebrated the band's 40th anniversary with an assortment of other highlights, rarities, and previously unreleased studio material. Inspired by the close look through their past and energized gigs, they recorded ACR Loco, their first album in 12 years, with Mike Joyce, Eric Random, and Sink Ya Teeth among the guest collaborators. The album was released that September, two months after the death of Denise Johnson. This was followed in 2021 with the remix album Loco Remezclada and a trilogy of EPs, ACR:EPA, ACR:EPC, and ACR:EPR, offering more new material. ~ Andy Kellman, Rovi