Beginning his career at the age of 14, the Dutch-born Holkenborg initially played in area funk and reggae units, later switching to alternative rock. While working in a music store, he began experimenting with synthesizers and technology, and in 1996 won the Grand Prix of the Netherlands as best house music producer. After completing Junkie XL's 1997 debut LP, Saturday Teenage Kick, a blend of electronica and rock, he enlisted rapper Rudeboy (an alumnus of Urban Dance Squad), DJ Frankie D., drummer Baz Mattie, and guitarist Renee van der Zee to transform his one-man studio project into a working band.
In the meantime, Holkenborg provided music for a handful of video games and made his feature film scoring debut with the 1998 Dutch film Siberia (as Junkie XL). Returning to dance music, Big Sounds of the Drags, released in 1999, was the first album from his expanded lineup. More than two years later, Holkenborg masterminded the first (legal) remix of an Elvis Presley song, "A Little Less Conversation," as heard in a Nike commercial to coincide with the 2002 World Cup. Released as a single, it hit number one in Britain by June, and reached the Top Ten in over two dozen countries. The track landed on his 2003 album Radio JXL: A Broadcast from the Computer Hell Cabin, which also featured vocals from Chuck D, Robert Smith, and Gary Numan. His 2008 effort, Booming Back at You, featured vocalist Lauren Rocket on a cover of Siouxsie and the Banshees' "Cities in Dust," along with a guest appearance from fellow producer Steve Aoki. Synthesized, from 2012, included contributions from Datarock, Tommie Sunshine, and Tears for Fears member Curt Smith.
By the early 2010s, Holkenborg was taking on more and more work as a composer of film music, often collaborating with Hans Zimmer. In 2014, he was credited alongside Pharrell Williams, Johnny Marr, Mike Einziger, Andrew Kawczynski, and Steve Mazzaro as a member Zimmer's the Magnificent Six on the soundtrack for The Amazing Spider-Man 2. That same year, he received sole credit for Divergent, which reached the Top 20 of the Billboard Soundtracks chart. Soon he was scoring such international box office hits as 2015's Mad Max: Fury Road, 2016's Deadpool, and, with Zimmer, Batman v. Superman: Dawn of Justice, also from 2016. Holkenborg closed out the decade with work on such projects as the 2017 video game FIFA 18, the 2018 film Tomb Raider, and the 2019 cyberpunk action movie Alita: Battle Angel.
In 2021, Holkenborg's original unused Justice League score was restored to director Zack Snyder's version of the film released on HBO Max. Also that year, he contributed music to the monster action film Godzilla vs. King Kong. ~ Marcy Donelson & Jason Ankeny, Rovi