Producer Niney the Observer was among the chief architects behind the classic reggae sound of the early 1970s. Born Winston Holness in Montego Bay, Jamaica in 1951, he acquired the Niney moniker when he lost a thumb in a workshop mishap; he entered the music industry during the late '60s as a protégé of producer Bunny Lee, later working with Lee Scratch Perry. Upon establishing his own Observer label, Niney's first hit was the 1970 Dennis Alcapone single Mr. Brown; later that year he unleashed the seminal Blood and Fire, which sold some 30,000 copies in Jamaica alone while forever earning the enmity of Bob Marley, to whose Duppy Conqueror the record bore more than a passing resemblance. Niney's greatest success came in partnership with singer Dennis Brown, with whom he first teamed in 1973; in the months to follow, their collaboration yielded a series of innovative smashes, among them Westbound Train, I Am the Conqueror, Cassandra, and No More Will I Roam. He also produced material for figures including Gregory Isaacs, Horace Andy, Junior Delgado, and Delroy Wilson. Niney left the music business during the late '70s, finally resurfacing in Paris around 1982; by the middle of the decade, he had returned to Kingston to briefly work at Channel One studios. He returned to active musical duty in 1988, producing records for Andrew Tosh and Frankie Paul; projects with Little John, Yami Bolo, and Baby Wayne maintained his visibility during the decade to follow. ~ Jason Ankeny, Rovi